珍·亞當斯

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珍·亞當斯（1860年 9月6日-1935年 5月21日）是個美國社會工作者、社會學家、哲學家和改革家。她是美國第一個贏得諾貝爾獎的女性，也是美國睦鄰組織運動的發起人。

[编辑] 傳記

珍·亞當斯出生於伊利諾州的席達威爾市，曾在美國和歐洲等地接受教育，畢業於伊利諾州洛克福市洛克福女子學校(今洛克福大學)。

1889年，她和愛倫‧蓋茲‧史達在芝加哥共同創設了赫爾館，美國的第一座睦鄰之家。受到位於倫敦東區的湯恩比館影響，睦鄰之家提供了救助鄰人的社會福利服務和成為一個社會改革的中心。在其全盛期時，赫爾館一個禮拜有約兩千人會來參觀。其設施包含有：成人夜輔校、幼稚園、少年們的俱樂部、公共餐廳、美術館、咖啡館、體育館、女性俱樂部、游泳池、裝訂作坊、音樂學系、劇團、圖書館和工作部門。

Hull House also served as a women's sociological institution.亞當斯是芝加哥社會學派初期成員的朋友和同事，因此透過了她在社會學應用中的工作影響到了他們的思想，並且在1893年共同出版了Hull-House Maps and Papers，用來描述館內的趣味和方法論。她和米德共同在社會改革上的工作議題有女性權益、終止童工和她做為一居中者的1910 Garment Workers' Strike。僅管當時學院內的社會學家定義她的工作為「社會工作」，但亞當斯並不認為他是個社會工作者。她把符號互動論的中心思想和文化女性主義與實用主義的理論相融合，以形成她自己的一套社會學概念。(Deegan, 1988)

Addams had a stellar reputation for her work with Hull House, and was respected as a committed humanitarian. However, her staunch pacifist stance on World War I cost her much support, and she was expelled from the Daughters of the American Revolution for refusing to back U.S. involvement in that war.

In addition to her involvement in the American Anti-Imperialist League and the American Sociology Association, she was also a formative member of both the American Civil Liberties Union and the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). In 1911 she helped to establish the National Foundation of Settlements and Neighborhood Centers and became its first president. She was also a leader in women's suffrage and pacifist movements, and took part in the creation of the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom in 1915. In 1931 she was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize, along with American educator Nicholas Murray Butler.

When she died in 1935 due to poor health, thousands of people went to see her coffin.

In 1998 the British Columbia Branch of the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom commissioned Canadian artist Christian Cardell Corbet to create a bronze medallion of Jane Addams to celebrate her life and achievments. The medallion since has been collected by several important museums.

The Jane Addams Peace Association together with the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom give the annual Jane Addams Children's Book Awards to children's books that promote peace, equality, multiculturalism, and peaceful solutions.

[编辑] 出版品

Democracy and social ethics, New York: Macmillan, 1902.
Children in American street trades, New York: National Child Labor Committee, 1905.
New ideals of peace, Chautauqua, N.Y.: Chautauqua Press, 1907.
The Wage-earning Woman and the State, Boston: Boston Equal Suffrage Association for Good Government, 1910s.
Twenty years at Hull-House 1910.
Symposium: child labor on the stage, New York: National Child Labor Committee, ?1911.

[编辑] 參考

1940年印有珍．亞當斯的美國郵票

Deegan, Mary. Jane Addams and the Men of the Chicago School, 1892-1918. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction, Inc., 1988.
Knight, Louise W. Citizen: Jane Addams and the Struggle for Democracy. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2005.